![]() The negative sign is not an electrical charge. We call it the Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW). We propose a new math based on (–ψ) that is the mirror image of quantum mathematics. The Born rule takes the absolute square of an amplitude to obtain a probability to test in chemistry lab P=|–ψ|2=|+ψ|2. Surprisingly, this change makes almost no difference to chemistry on a practical level. We propose therefore that the Periodical Table should be changed to negative orbitals (–ψ). We propose that nature uses (–ψ) as its wave function, whereas QM uses (+ψ). It is a mistake to think we can cure quantum weirdness by tinkering with superficial aspects of quantum mechanics (QM). This article is accompanied by a lively YouTube video, “6 reasons to discard wave particle duality.”Ī consensus among quantum experts is that the quantum world is not properly understood. ![]() But Born’s law would yield the same probabilities if it were changed from P = |+Ψ |2 to P = |-Ψ |2. What makes QM so accurate is its probability predictions. We provide innovative research designs for which -Ψ and +Ψ would predict divergent outcomes. We show how TEW explains the double slit, Pfleegor Mandel and Davisson Germer experiments, Feynman diagrams and the Bell test experiments. This is a dream come true for young scientists: the discovery of uncharted territory. It unlocks opportunities for young scientists with no budget to conduct the basic research for a new, unexplored science. We call the -Ψ proposal the Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW). For example, with -Ψ quantum particles follow waves backwards, which is incompatible with wave-particle-duality, obviously. The difference between -Ψ and +Ψ is that they describe entirely different pictures of how nature is organized. If QM uses Ψ as its wavefunction, several experiments suggest that nature uses -Ψ instead. But there are experiments it cannot explain, such as a neutron interferometer experiment. Wave particle duality is a cornerstone of quantum chemistry and quantum mechanics (QM). If so, it would be so immense, pervasive, insidious, and invisible that it could explain all quantum “weirdness” even though quantum math is the most accurate and productive science ever. Type (Method/Approach): No one previously recognized the Born rule could hide a “Born Symmetry”: |+ψ|2 ≡ |–ψ|2. A superposition of states collapses as a particle is emitted, becoming only one state, located in only one world, not many. This undermines the foundations of the many-worlds theory. It occurs when a free particle is emitted: when the particle selects which in-coming Elementary Wave to follow backwards. Wave-function collapse no longer occurs when a quantum particle is observed. This symmetry does not conform to Noether’s Theorem because it does not involve physical space, rather an error in the human imagination. If we change our wave-function from +ψ to –ψ, that will mean that quantum particles follow zero-energy “Elementary Waves” backwards. This hypothesis could explain the mystery that quantum math appears to be the most accurate and productive mathematics humans ever possessed, the source of our high-tech economy, yet scientists cannot agree on what the quantum world is like: does it exist, are there infinitely many worlds, etc. If nature uses –ψ then physicists would not recognize that their math is 100% wrong. The Born rule implies that nature may have a hidden symmetry: |+ψ|2 = |–ψ|2 = probability. All “interpretations” of Quantum Mechanics (QM) are predicated on the assumption that quantum mathematics is correct.
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